Stefano Carniani, Francesco D'Eugenio, Xihan Ji, Eleonora Parlanti, Jan Scholtz, Fengwu Sun, Giacomo Venturi, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Mirko Curti, Roberto Maiolino, Sandro Tacchella, Jorge A. Zavala, Kevin Hainline, Joris Witstok, Benjamin D. Johnson, Stacey Alberts, Andrew J. Bunker, Stéphane Charlot, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Jakob M. Helton, Peter Jakobsen, Nimisha Kumari, Brant Robertson, Aayush Saxena, Hannah Übler, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Chris Willott
Published 2024-09-30, 12 pages, 7 figure
JADES-GS-z14-0 is the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy so far,at $z>14$. With a UV magnitude of -20.81, it is one of the most luminousgalaxies at cosmic dawn and its half-light radius of 260 pc means that starsdominate the observed UV emission. We report the ALMA detection of[OIII]88$\mu$m line emission with a significance of 6.67$\sigma$ and at afrequency of 223.524 GHz, corresponding to a redshift of $14.1796\pm0.0007$,which is consistent with the candidate CIII] line detected in the NIRSpecspectrum. At this spectroscopic redshift, the Lyman break identified withNIRSpec requires a damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorber with a column density of$\log(N_{\rm HI}/\mathrm{cm}^{-2})=22.23$. The total [OIII]88$\mu$m luminosity(log($(L_{\rm [OIII]}/L_\odot) = 8.3\pm0.1$) is fully consistent with the local$L_{\rm [OIII]}-SFR$ relation. Based on the ${L_{\rm [OIII]}/SFR}$, we infer agas-phase metallicity $>0.1~{\rm Z_{\rm \odot}}$, which is somewhat unexpectedgiven the weakness of the UV emission lines. Using prospector SED modeling andcombining the ALMA data with JWST observations, we find $Z=0.17~{Z_{\rm\odot}}$ and an escape fraction of ionizing photons of 20%, which is necessaryto explain the UV spectrum. We measure an [O III]5007\r{A}/[O III]88$\mu$m lineflux ratio between 1 and 10, resulting in an upper limit to the electrondensity of roughly 300 cm$^{-3}$, which is lower than those measured in otherhigh-$z$ luminous galaxies. The [OIII]88$\mu$m emission line is spectrallyresolved, with a FWHM of 100 km/s, resulting in a dynamical mass of$\log$(M$_{\rm dyn}/M_\odot$) = 9.0$\pm0.2$. This value is comparable to thestellar mass derived from the SED fitting, which implies a very low gasfraction. Past radiation-driven outflows may have cleared the galaxy from thegas, reducing the gas fraction and thus increasing the escape fraction ofionizing photons.